Lactantes hospitalizados por bronquiolitis: impacto de factores de riesgo asociados
Hospitalized infants for bronchiolitis: impact of associated risk factors
Palabras clave:
bronquiolitis, factores de riesgo, vacunas, tabaquismo prenatalResumen
Introducción: La bronquiolitis es una consulta frecuente en pediatría. El objetivo fue identificar factores de riesgo asociados a hospitalización por bronquiolitis. Métodos: Estudio observacional, analítico, prospectivo de Caso/Control pareados por edad y sexo (“Caso”: lactantes menores a 12 meses y 30 días hospitalizados por bronquiolitis sin comorbilidades; “Control”: lactantes sanos que concurrieron a su control de salud) efectuado en el Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez (HNRG) durante 2018 y 2019. Se realizó encuesta validada dirigida a padres. Se empleó análisis de regresión logística bivariada y multivariada. Nivel de significación: 0,05. Resultados: Se incluyeron 142 “Casos” y 142 “Controles” (edad media +/- DS: 5,67meses ±3,14; rango: 0-13 meses; varones: 60,6%). Factores de riesgo asociados a hospitalización por bronquiolitis en análisis de regresión logística multivariado: 5 o más convivientes (OR: 18,45; 95%CI: 7,69-44,30; P<0,0001), madre fumadora durante el embarazo (OR: 4,75; 95%CI: 1,02-21,99; P=0,04), vacunación incompleta para la edad (OR: 12,34; 95%CI: 4,70-32,38; P<0,0001), edad promedio ± DS del primer resfrío 3.36 ±2.61 meses (OR: 0,74; 95%CI: 0,65-0,84; P<0,0001), aire acondicionado en el hogar (OR: 3,86; 95%CI: 1,57-9,47; P=0,003). Conclusión: Entre los factores de riesgo identificados, algunos serían prevenibles como el tabaquismo en el embarazo y la vacunación incompleta en lactantes.
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